Ernest jules pierre



No. 622,629. Patented Apr. 4, I899. E. J. P. MERCADIER &. H. R. J.PIEBHUIN.

MULTIPLE TELEGRAPH.

(Application filed Jan. 3, 1896.) QNo Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet l.

No. 622,629. Patented Apr. 4, I899.

E. J P. MERCADIER & H. n. J. PIERQUIN.

MULTIPLE TELEGRAPH.

' (Application filed Jan. 3, 1898.) v (No 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

"m: NoRms warms c0. vnorou'mou wAsHmrmw u c No. 622,629. Patenfed Apr.4, I399. E. J. P. MERCADIER & H. R. J. PIEBHUIN.

MULTIPLE TELEGRAPH.

(Application filed Jan 3, 1896.) (No Model.) 3 sheetq shaet 3.

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MS u m 7 w NS I 7 M W M Ms? 2 K w mi E www NITED. STATES PATEN Enron.

ERNEST JULES PIERRE MEROADIER AND HENRI ROBERT .IOSEPI-I PIERQUIN,

OF PARIS, FRANCE.

MULTIPLE TELEGRAPH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 622,629, dated April 4,1899. Application filed January 3,1896. Serial No. 574,218. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we," ERNEST J ULES PIERRE MERCADIER and HENRI ROBERTJOSEPH PIER- QUIN, citizens of the French Republic, resid- .ing atParis, France, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inMultiple Telegraphs, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to a combination of IO the following apparatus ina system of multiple telegraph by the employment of alternate orundulatory vibration currents.

Our apparatus comprises First, two joint induction-coils whose primarywires are in the transmitting-circuit, which contains twelve vibratingtransmitters.

The secondary Wires of these coils are shunt ed by graduated condensers.

Second, a telemicrophonic translator composed of a telephone whoseelectromagnet bears two wires and of a carbon microphonic contact on aspring. The translator is in the same circuit with twelve monotelephonicreceivers or indicators as previously patented 2 5 by E. J. P.Mercadier, (United States Patent No. 447,194, of February 24, 1891,)which are adjusted with the corresponding twelve vibrating transmitters.

Third, an artificial telegraph-line so arranged that the secondary wireof the second induction-coil connects with that line and one of thewires of the electromagnet on the translator, while the secondary Wireof the first induction-coil connects with the other wire of 3 5 theelectromagnet on the translator and with the telegraph-line whichconnects the two corresponding stations.

The graduated condensers and the artificial line are so regulated thatthe vibrating induc- 0 tion-currents generated in the secondary wire ofthe first induction-coil pass through the translator without vibratingthe receivers or indicators of'the station which transmits the signals.The currents travel forth on the line and set the translator andmonotelephonic receivers of the station at the other end in vibration.The latter station may operate in the same manner, so that the signalssent simultaneously by the two stations cross each other on the lineWithout confusion or neutralization. Thus a system of multiplextelegraphy is produced by which twelve telegrams can be sent andreceived over the same line either Way and simultaneously,

We will now describe the action of the various apparatus, proceedingstep by step in chronological order.

In the drawings, Figure l is a diagrammatic view of the system at onestation. Fig. 2 is a similar view of the two stations. Fig. 3 shows oneof the translators in sectional detail. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing howthe vibrators are connected up in the system.

In the drawings the transmitters, Fig. 4, may be vibrators of any kindwhatever. We use, preferably, tuning-forks, which are kept in motion byelectromagnets E and batteries pe in a circuitwhich is completed whenthe steel wire Se touches the platinumpla'te Ac. Only threevibrators areillustrated, which give the following notes: B (third 0ctave,) O (fourth0ctave,) and C-sharp (fourth octave.) There are really twelve of them inmusical divisions of ascending scale of one-half tone. These vibratorsproduce vibrating currents by the aid of batteries pt whenever the wiresSt, attached to the vibrators by insulated screws m', touch the platinumplates A15, and thus close the circuit. which comprises the primarywires 1 of the induction conver- 8o ters T.

When operating the keys 07m in using the Morse alphabet, the vibratinginduction-currents which are generated in the secondary wires 2 of theconverters T traverse altogether the primary wires 1 of the two jointinduction-coils Be Bl, which take part in the transmitter-circuit Cit.Then new vibrating induction-currents are generated simultaneously inthe secondary wires 2 2 of the coils Be andBZ, which are shunted by thegraduated condensers C6 and Cl. The vibrating induction-currents of coilBl pass through the wire fl of the electromagnet of the telemicrophonictranslator R and travel forth afterward on the telegraphic circuitformed by lines L and 2 or by line L and the earth, Fig. 4; but at thesame time the vibrating induction-currents of coil Be pass through thewire fe of the electromagnet of trans- 10o lator R and through theartificial line Lac, which latter form a closed circuit Cte.

' lator R.

By regulating the graduated condensers Cc and Cl and the artificial lineproperly the vibrant induction-currents from the coils Be and Bl, whichpass simultaneously, but in opposite direction over the wires fe and flof translator R, have at all times the same energy .and run. The actionof the currents is neutralized on the diaphragm cl of the trans- Thediaphragm does not vibrate. The microphonic carbon contact m, attachedto spring 0", remains in position against the carbon disk 13. Novariation of current results in the circuit created by the insulatedspring 0", the contact mp, the diaphragm cl of translator R, themicrophonic battery pm, and the primary wire 1 of the induction-coil Brof the microphone. This precludes vibrant induction-currents in thesecondary wire 2 of this coil Br and in circuit Ctr, comprising themonotelephone-receivers B (third octave,) O (fourth octave,) and O sharp(fourth octave,) Fig. 4, and nine similar ones not appearing in thisfigure. They are shown connectedly under R0 in Fig. 1. Their diaphragmsare'arranged in a manner to give the same sounds as produced by thediaphragms of the twelve vibrators, which are in thetransmitting-circuit 0256, Figs. 4 and 1.

Thus by these means the vibrating currents transmitted by coil Bl fromone station cause no vibration in the receivers of that station, butreach by the telegraphie'line L L, Fig. 1, the station A, and traversethe secondary wire 2 of coil Bl of the latter station and the wire fl ofits translator R without neutralization of force. The diaphragm cl ofthe translator vibrates immediately, also the microphone of thetranslator and the receiving monotelephones R0, Fig. 1, so that each ofthem reproduces the samesounds as the vibrant transmitter with which itis tuned in accordance with the scale which the corresponding key 'mngives, Fig. 4.

It is manifest that station B, Fig. 2, can transmit simultaneouslytwelve telegrams to the receivers at station A and that station A can atthe same time under like conditions send twelve telegramsto station B.These two stations can therefore exchange simultaneously twenty-fourtelegrams-i. e. twelve telegrams can travel one way and twelve theother. This precisely is the purpose indicated in the introduction ofthe present specification.

We can now supplement the description of the principal apparatusmentioned.

The vibrating transmitter of which we make use and which we callelectrodiapason (electric tuning fork) has been sufficiently describedbefore.

The induction-converters T, which are inserted into thetransmission-circuit Oil, Fig. l, are coils with joint primary andsecondary wires of low resistance.

In the two joint induction-coils Be and Bl secondary wire 2 2 is longand fine, and its resistance is four hundred to five hundred timesgreater than the resistance of-the primary wire of the same coil.

The two graduated condensers Ce and Cl, which shunt the coils Be and Bl,are ordinary condensers of one microfarad, which may be divided intotenths. Their capacity can be modified at will, and the self-inductionof the secondary wires of the coils Be and Bl, as well as of thecircuits comprised, can be adjusted similarly. This is indispensable forregulation of currents.

The artificial telegraph-line Lac is formed by a box containingresistance-coils combined with condensers whose resistance and totalcapacity can be so varied that they represent the resistance andcapacity of the real telegraph-line L L, on which the signals are sent.

The telemicrophonic translator R must be very sensitive, because ithasto transmit electric waves coming over a line of great length and ofsuch high capacity to the receiving apparatus. It consists, Fig. 3, of awooden base S S, on which it is held by an iron knee or in some otherappropriate way. Bymeans of a screw Vl run through the wooden base theapparatus can be inclined more or less.

The apparatus proper is an ordinary large telephone, on the coils b ofwhich two parallel wires are rolled. On the diaphragm cl of thistelephone a disk of carbon 19 is attached. Opposite this disk 1) isanother carbon contact 0, supported by a metallic elastic lever 0',which hangs 011 the highest part of the instrument. This lever consistsof a flat slim spring provided at its lower part with a certain weightm, which renders it like an elastic pendulum, and the carbon contact 0is attached to the weight. This pendulum is electrically insulated fromthe other parts of the mechanism by ebonite plates, on which thesuspension-point O is located.

In order to annul the effects of external Vibration on the translator, arubber tube 25, fixed on the wooden base S S, Fig. 3, rests on twootherrubber tubes t i parallel to each other and fixed on a board P P, whichis placed on a solid table by means of two other rubber tubes T Tl.(This table is not represented in Fig. 3.) The point of the screw Vl inturning rests at the bottom of a hollow in the metallic piece 0.

By means of an adjustment effected by the screw Vl as sensitive amicrophonic contact can be obtained as may be desired. The effect ispowerful, because the pendulum remains almost motionless,while thediaphragm vibrates only when receiving currents whose number is equal tothe number of vibrations of the corresponding tones. It is useless todescribe these apparatuses further. They are the monotelephones alreadypatented by E. Mercadier. (United States Patent No. 447,194, of February24, 1891.)

YVe claim as our invention 1. In a system of multiplex telegraphyproduced by the employment of alternate or undulatory vibratingcurrents, in combination with the vibrators or tuning-forks an equalnumberof ind notion-converters, the two joint induction-coils Whoseprimary Wires are in circuit of the secondary Wires of the converters,the graduated condensers shunting the secondary Wires of the coils, andthe telemicrophonic translator having its Wires connected with saidsecondary Wires of the joint induction-coils as specified above.

2. In combination with the vibrators or tuning-forks, an equal number ofinductionconverters controlled by said vibrators, the two jointinduction-coils Whose primary Wires are in circuit with secondary coilsof the converters, the graduated condensers forming as described.

In testimony whereof We have signed this specification-in the presenceof two subscribin g witnesses.

ERNEST JULES PIERRE MERCADIER. HENRI ROBERT JOSEPH PIERQUIN WVitnesses:CLYDE SHROPSHIRE, JULEs FAYOLLET.

-1nitters being equal in number, substantially

